Featured Artists
Bröhan-Museum, Berlin
Emile Gallé (1846–1904): Like many of his contemporaries, Nancy-based Emile Gallé was an enthusiastic disciple of East Asian art. Of particular importance for him was his friendship with the Japanese natural scientist and draughtsman Tokouso Takashima, who was in Nancy from 1885 to 1888 for study purposes. Gallé developed a glass style of his own known as the Gallé genre, which drew on many different influences and indeed became emblematic of Art Nouveau in Lorraine. It combined decoration and technology, nature motifs and colour effects in a way that was new to the art fashion of the time. All symmetry and regularity was dispensed with. Gallé’s view of nature was strongly coloured by his interest in botany. He sought to capture mood, using the play of colour and light that only glass could offer. A particular colour effect is achieved in this vase through the metal foil overlaid with green glass.
Hector Guimard (1867–1942) is considered one of the major architects and all-round designers of French Art Nouveau. Influenced by the filigree patterns of Gothic art, which became popular towards the end of the 19th century thanks to Viollet-le-Duc and the enthusiasm for nature of early Art Nouveau, which sought inspiration in the structure of plants, he designed extravagantly curvaceous flower sculptures that are still a prominent feature of the urban landscape of Paris. He it was who designed the cast-iron entrances to the first metro stations in time for the world exhibition in 1900. The buffet with the water lily leaves and stems was designed for the Castel Henriette villa in Sèvres. The dynamic language of natural shapes is again the model for Guimard here. The plant patterns develop out of the body of the buffet in vertical, organic curves. This asymmetrically designed piece of furniture almost seems like a plant sculpture. The choice of cherry wood, too, sets it wholly apart from the heavy, imitative furniture styles of historicism.
The restless linearity also extends to the darting details of the appliqué work—a seismic expression of artistic sensibility and restlessness around the turn of the century.
Otto Eckmann (1865–1902): The art weavers’ college at Scherrebek (now Skærbæk, Denmark) was founded in 1896 in the wake of the fin-de-siècle art reform movement. Particularly in the countries of northern Europe, there was a new enthusiasm for textile art. Tapestries reached high artistic standards and became outstandingly important as an integral component of interior design. Around 1894, Otto Eckmann, who was originally a painter, resolutely put down his brushes in favour of applied art—a decision that was taken by numerous artists of the generation around 1900. The aesthetic design of the totality of solid objects proved to have greater appeal than the specialised field of painting. Eckmann became famous as a designer not only of book art and typography, but also of furniture and metal items. The Swans tapestry one of the most successful designs of the weaving college at Scherrebek—combines modern design principles with East Asian influences, a combination that would prove to be one of the principal artistic currents of the Art Nouveau movement. Abstraction, stylisation and aesthetic priorities were borrowed from Japanese art. In this case, Eckmann even went so far as to adapt the tall, narrow format of a Japanese kakemono (roll picture).
Per Algot Eriksson (1868 – 1937): Sweden played a considerable part in the international artistic debate associated with the reform movement around 1900, thanks to the output of the Rörstrand porcelain factory in Stockholm. The factory’s artistic director was the painter and versatile handicrafts designer Alf Wallander (1862–1914). Under his artistic aegis, he developed a special style of porcelain that was shown at the major exhibitions of the day–particularly in Germany—to great acclaim. A characteristic of the new porcelain creations was the rendering of plant decoration in relief or the three-dimensional form of flowers and plants. The delicate coloration of the blue and green tones gives these one-off pieces an especially delicate and decorative look. The large baluster pot is a graceful representation of an underwater world. The large, open bloom of the water lily is developed in three dimensions, like the typical leaves and buds resting on the shoulder of the vase, while the roots and stems that reach down into the depths of the water are shaped in light relief in the delicate range of blue tones of the water.
Images, Bröhan-Museum, Berlin
- Vase with moth
Emile Gallé, Nancy, c.1898
Flashed glass with fusions and metal foil inclusions, cut
Height 18.5 cm; inv. no. 75-013
- Buffet
Hector Guimard , 1899/1900
Cherry wood with brass fittings and glass
Height 274 cm; inv. no. 83-001
- Five Swans tapestry
Otto Eckmann, 1896/97
Kunstwebschule Scherrebek
Wool, tapestry weave
Length 235 cm, width 75 cm; inv. no. 93-911
- Centrepiece with water lilies
Per Algot Eriksson, c.1900
Rörstrand’s Porslinsfabriker AB, Stockholm
Porcelain with underglaze painting
Height 29 cm; inv. no. 92-045
